Eddie Carbone Essay Example for Free

Eddie Carbone EssayEddie Carbone is a hard working, caring man but he is also jealous, everywhere-protective and he exaggerates the persuasion of honour and masculinity which result into his own downf either. He is presented to the audience in contrast when he meets Alfieri compared to in his own house. However still the audience contribute manage to portray Eddies roughage by the way he talks, how others react to him and how the stage directions enhance his own actions. Eddies irrational and stereotyping nature can be seen on with his characteristic of respecting others and also honour. When Eddie is sitting beside the desk with his (cap in hand) it can be seen that he has a lot of respect for Alfieri. This trait appeals to the audience that he is not all a bad person and that he does have some good qualities within him. This comes important throughout the play because Miller has had to portray every character with some empathy from the audience otherwise there will be no r eason to follow this character. Also, he takes honour very seriously and this can be seen when he tells Catherine the Vinny Bolzano story.This can be applied where Eddie is talking to Alfieri as well. For example, when Eddie is trying to explain to Alfieri the kind of person Rodolfo is, he (takes a breath and glances briefly over each shoulder). This tells us as the audience that he involve to keep things confidential otherwise if this is out into the public, people may already suspect of him doing all wrongdoings later, give care snitching. Eddies talks can only go as far as speculative and irrational. He cannot back up anything he says substantially.He makes Rodolfo be homosexual by, He aint right and If you came in the house and you didnt know who was singing you wouldnt be lookin for him, you would be lookin for her. This shows us that he lacks in articulation and he careen get his words right when he wants to prove something. This gives a strong sense of desperateness from Eddie and that he really wants Alfieri to do something about it. Because Eddie is hot tempered, he needs to be calmed down and Alfieri tries explaining to Eddie about Rodolfo. This is done through God by saying, God mixes up the people.Since Eddie is from an Italian background he would have strong phantasmal beliefs as well. Therefore, Alfieri finds it easy to go past Eddie from religions point of view. However, Eddie replies back (sardonically) showing the audience that Eddie does not want to listen to anyone and that his stubbornness takes over his mind. Alfieri tells him there is no law on his side, and that he understands how Eddie feels, but he has to let Catherine go sometimes there is too much love for the niece but this makes Eddie angry a son-of-a-bitch punk like thatI give him my house to sleep I take the blankets off my bed for him, and he takes and puts his filthy hands on her like a goddam thief This use of strong language indicates Eddies belligerent character. He is verbally-limited so he uses strong language and this soon comes out into actions when he cant express what he wants to say verbally. He wants to do everything physically which is his masculine attribute. This is very significant as it is the first time Eddie has let his authoritative feelings known, and his raw emotion shows through, illuminating the flaw he retains.

Applying Psychology to Homelessnes Essay Example for Free

Applying Psychology to Homelessnes EssayHousing is a basic benevolent want and plays an important role in ensuring the well-being children and adults. Stable house is a needed need for positive child and youth development in society. Although proper housing is essential for human biological and social development, statistics check shown a rising cases of homeless families with children in recent years because of inadequate affordable houses (The United States Conference of Mayors, 2006).Homelessness is a mingled socioeconomic issue with several economic and social factors underlying it. The socioeconomic factors include poverty, inadequate affordable housing, some biological and psychical ill health, lodge disintegration and family breakdown. These are the factors which in combinations, would contribute to the frequency, and type of homelessness (The United States Conference of Mayors, 2006).Homeless means to live without proper shelter many people capture partial home lessness by donjon in uncertain, temporary, and sub-standard shelters. Homelessness has become national disaster in some countries. Some of the biological causes of homelessness are mental ill health (The United States Conference of Mayors, 2006).Due to the hard circumstances that befall homeless people throughout their lives, statistics have shown that there are higher rates of mental malady affecting this population. During the year 2008 survey conducted by the U.S Conferences of Mayors, showed mental illness the third largest cause of homelessness in the United States (The United States Conference of Mayors, 2006).Mental illnesses low emotional state be biological and medical conditions which affect the normal activity of the human brain and mind. It ofttimes affects ones moods, emotions as well as the position processes. The functionality of the mind is diminished hence reducing their ability of the affected individuals to take precaution of themselves or their living envir onment hence whitethorn not care even if they are living in the streets (Nielsen, 2011).Mental illness also affects an individuals ability to make and maintain friendship and relationships and therefore, issues involving mental illness can push those closer to the affected individual away. In such case the people closer may remain homeless by retentivity away or they may dispose the affected individual to be homeless in the streets (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009).The other biological factor leading to homelessness is depression. Depressive disorders have been proved to be the most common factor causing homelessness with nearly 25% of homeless individuals suffering from depression. It controls individuals outlook on life and their ability to judge circumstances. It results to low self-esteem, a loss of interest in actions that were once important as well as incapacitating effect on peoples ability to relate to others (Nielsen, 2011).Depression can be trigger homelessnes s because one feels isolated and lonely being homeless (Ravenhill, 2008). The feelings of isolation and forlornness have adverse effects on the relationship and could trigger rooflessness, for example, parental neglect (Ravenhill, 2008)Identify and describe at least 2 social factors that may be related to becoming or being homeless. Talk about how these factors may play a role in homelessness and support your statements with research evidence, where necessarySocial factor that can cause homelessness is economic insecurity in a community or family. According to statistical findings, in the year 2005, closely 60% of individuals earning an income of less than 30% of the HUD were paying more than half of their salary on housing and accommodation, and almost the same percentage of people were also living in poor and inadequate housing (Ravenhill, 2008). Inadequate affordable housing for rental and the high economic recession have contributed to the increasing number of homeless adults and children. Economic recession have led to the high number of unemployed and has also increased laying off of employees hence people cannot afford becoming housing due to lack of the rental allowance.Violence at home is another social factor that has led to homelessness in the United States of America. Violence often predicts whether children and adults would experience homelessness or not. Research has shown that most homeless mothers with children have at one point in their families experienced domestic violence. Domestic violence may make somebody run away from home to safety and in the process the affected find themselves homeless in the streets. This social factor has broadly affected women and children. Women and children in homeless shelters and those affected by domestic violence shelters are affected by same experiences like exposure to traumatic lives. internal family violence often triggers housing instability and in the process, one partner may run away from home. T he domestic violence can be ferine beating or sexual abuse to a partner or a child (Ravenhill, 2008).In solving the problem of homelessness, the government should increase housing subsidies and provide permanent accommodation for those people living in domestic violence affected families, and unaccompanied youths. Research has shown that families who get housing subsidies are possible to have permanent housing stability than those who do not receive housing subsidy (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2008).ReferenceNielsen, S. (2011). Psychiatric disorders and mortality among people in homeless shelters in Denmark a nationwide register-based cohort study. The Lancet, 377, 2205-2214.Ravenhill, M. (2008). The culture of homelessness. Abingdon, Oxon Ashgate Publishing Group.The United States Conference of Mayors. (2006). A status report on hunger and homelessness in Americas cities. Retrieved April 27, 2014 from http//www.usmayors.org/publicationsNational Coalition for the Homeless . (2008). How many people experience homelessness? Retrieved April 27, 2014 from http//www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/familiesSource document

Determining the Success of a Project

Determining the Success of a ProjectSuccess has always been the ultimate goal of every role of device. Many specialists in the field have performed extensive researches in an attempt to try and define what visualises succeeder is. Judging the triumph of a digest is rather an elusive concept since most meets we hear may be a affliction to one set of stakeholders while others may consider it to be a succeeder. This article makes an attempt to define achiever in come acrosss based on the work of experts in this field of theatre.IntroductionA be sick can be defined as a unique venture with a beginning and an end conducted by people to meet established goals within a argumentation of bell reduced and quality increased (Field Keller, P.2). furthermore a fox has the following characteristics such as specific objectives, required resources, have a calculate and schedule, and requires effort of community, measures quality and finally functions within a life cycle. On the contrary, insure care can be defined as the way of peremptory the advantage of the bear objectives, by the use of existing managerial structure and capital to manage the project by linking a compilation of tools and skill without interrupting the official function of a company.The word succeeder is a fascinating word as its is cognise universally and is broad in character defining it is non easy, because if asked from different individuals its meaning would change according their perceptions. Project victor can be considered as one of the indistinct concepts of project management. Since each stakeholder of a project has different needs and expectations, it is common to anticipate them defining project success in their own way of understanding (Cleland Ireland, 2004, p2).The Sydney Opera House project is a typical example of how different stakeholders have different perspectives of a project. The Opera house (Thomsett, 2002) took 4 times more of the master key time to fi nish and its cost went 16 times over budget. But the final impact the Opera House created was so immense it simply made people overlook the projects original unmet goals. The project was a huge hit for the general earthly concern even though it was considered as a failure in the view of project management. On the contrary, the construction of the Millennium Dome in London was a project that was completed on time and on budget but the British public considered it a failure because it didnt deliver the glamour that it was originally expected to make (Cammack, 2005).Since there is widespread variance of opinions in the study of success in projects, umteen learned writers seem to have minded(p) diverse views on this topic based on extensive research and surveys. Their works differentiate among project success, project success criteria and project success factors.Project successJugdev and Muller (2005) in their article pointed out that in order to identify what success means in a proj ect framework is like obtaining consensus from a group of individuals on the explanation of Good Art. Project success is a subject matter that is ordinarily talked close and yet very hardly settled upon (Baccarini, 1999). Commonly, the attitudes on project success have developed gradually over the years from simple explanations that were cut back to the implementation phase of the project life cycle to explanations that reflect gratitude of success over the whole project and product life cycle (Jugdev and Muller, 2005).Cleland (1986) suggested that project success is significant only if measured from two vantage points the extent to which the projects technical execution objective was accomplished on time and within budget the theatrical role that the project made to the strategic mission of the organization. agree to Pinto Slevin (1988) in their research after sampling over 650 project managers concluded that, Project Success is something challenging than just meeting cost, time, and performance specifications. As a matter of fact, clients contentment with the final result has a great deal to do with the perceived success or collapse of projects.Baccarini (1999) discovered two different components of project successProject Management Success This concentrates upon the project process and specially the prospered doing of cost, time, and quality. Also the way in which the project management process was performed will be considered.Product Success This deals with the effects of the projects final product. A clear exit should be made between product success and project management success, in order to properly identify and evaluate project management success and product success, as they are differ from each other.According to Baccarini (1999), Project success can be summarized asProject success = project management success + project product successWith this definition in mind, it is alike important to comprehend what measures enable us to judge whethe r a project is successful or not. These measures are termed as Project success criteria.Project success criteriaCrawfords (2002) view is that project success is an important project management issue and as healthy in discussions, a frequently discussed topic is, it is difficult to find an agreement on the criteria by which success is judged. (Pinto and Slevin 1988 Freeman and Beale 1992 Shenhar, Levy, and Dvir 1997 Baccarini 1999).A study of literature also reveals that a greater level of agreement with the definitions given by Baker, Murphy and Fisher (1988) that project success is a subject of perception and it is considered to be an boilersuit success if the project meets requirements such as technical performance specifications, mission to be performed. It also needs a high degree of satisfaction about the project results among the key people of the project aggroup and the key users of the project effortThe renowned and famous criteria to measure project success have been kno wn as Golden Triangle or Iron Triangle. Hence Cost, time and qulity is referd to as the central criteria of the Golden Triangle (Atkinson, 1999, p338). Atkinson continues that this method of measuring project success have not been changed or developed in almost fifty years (1999, p338).According to Stuckenbruck (1986), assessment on project success should be make by different stakeholder groups such as customers, managers, employees, stockholders, etc. Thus it was proposed that the criteria for assessing project success should reflect different stakeholder views.Freeman and Beale (1992) presented an appealing example of different perceptions of people. According to their study An architect may consider success in foothold of aesthetic appearance, an engineer in terms of technical competence, an accountant in terms of dollars spent under budget, a human resources manager in terms of employee satisfaction, and chief executive officers rate their success in the stock market. In their study Freeman and Beale (1992) identified and proposed seven main criteria for measuring success of projects.Technical performance efficacy in project executionManagerial and organizational implications individualised growthProject conclusionTechnical innovativeness and business performanceManufacturing feasibilityWideman (1996, p3-4) believes that project success is time dependant and therefore it should be assessed with time interpreted into consideration. The reason behind time dependency is based on the fact that project success varies with time. Wideman(1996) illustrated four time dependant groups as mentioned down the stairs.Internal project objectives efficiency during the projectBenefit to customer effectiveness in the short termDirect contribution assessed in the medium termFuture prospect assessed in the long termShenhar, Dvir and Levy(1997) constructed a universal multidimensional framework that would help in assessing project success. In their methodology, project success is perceived as a strategic management concept where the end result of the project would fit with the strategic direction of a company whom the end result of the project is originally intended to serve. Their study also revealed that project success is time dependant and thus they identified four groups and translated them into measurable criteria.Internal Project Efficiency (Pre-completion)Meeting scheduleCompleting within budgetOther resource constraints metImpact of the Customer (Short term)Meeting practicable performanceMeeting technical specifications standards plausive impact on customer, customers gainFulfilling customers needsSolving customers problemCustomer is using productCustomer expresses satisfactionBusiness and Direct Success (Medium term) present(prenominal) business/commercial recognitionImmediate revenue profits enhancedLarger market share generatedPreparing for the Future (Long term) ordain create new opportunities for the upcomingWill position custom er competitivelyWill create new marketWill assist in developing new technologyWill add/has added capabilities competenciesProject success factorsAs defined by Cooke-Davies Success factors are those inputs to the management system that lead directly or indirectly to the success of the project or business (Cooke-Davies, 2002, p185). In practice, some project managers instinctively determine their own project success factors. However, most of these factors are not all the way documented, thus are not considered to become a part of formal project management literature or historical project data (Rad Levin, 2002, p18).From the mid-eighties to 2000 many researchers have attempted to identify success factors for projects. Kerzner (1987), Pinto and Slevin (1987-1989), (Sadeh, Dvir, Shenhar, 2000), Cooke Davis (2002) and Muller and Turner (2005) are among the top researchers who have conducted extensive researches in this area of study.The table below (Table 1) points out critical succe ss factors that were identified by specialists, and were later reviewed and tabulated by Belassi and Tukel (1996).Baker, Murphy and Fisher (1983)Clear goalsGoal commitment of project teamon-site project managerAdequate funding to completionAdequate project team capabilityAccurate initial cost estimatesMinimum start-up difficultiesPlanning and chink techniquesAbsence of bureaucracyLock (1984)Make project commitments knownProject authority from the topAppoint competent project managerSet up communications and proceduresSet up control mechanisms (schedules, etc.)Progress meetingsCleland and King (1983)Project summaryOperational conceptTop management subscribeFinancial supportLogistic requirementsFacility supportMarket intelligence (who is the client)Project scheduleExecutive development and trainingManpower and organizationInformation and communication transmitProject reviewPinto and Slevin (1989)Top management supportClient consultationPersonnel recruitmentTechnical tasksClient acc eptanceMonitoring and feedbackCommunicationTrouble-shootingCharacteristics of the project team leaderPower and politicsEnvironment eventsUrgencyTable 1 Critical success factors tabulated by Belassi and Tukel (1996).Belassi and Tukel (1996) in their study, analyzed the above mentioned success factors and grouped them into four areas.Factors related to the projectFactors related to the project managers and the team membersFactors related to the organizationFactors related to the external environment.It is evident that whatever critical success factors that are known, can be grouped under these four areas identified by Belassi and Tukel (1996).Dvir, Raz, Shenhar (2003) conducted a survey among 100 Israeli defense projects, and their findings pointed out a noteworthy positive connection between the projects success and each of the factors listed below.The amount of effort spent in defining and identifying the goals of the projectThe functional requirementsTechnical specifications of t he projectAccording to Verma (1995, 1996) communication, leadership and teamwork are essential for efficient management of project human resources and are vital to achieve project objectives successfully.Murray, J.P. (2001) identified nine factors that could rent an IT project into success or failure.Proper senior management commitment to the projectAmple amount of project financial supportA well defined set of project requirements and specificationsCautious development of a all-inclusive project plan that incorporates enough time and flexibility to foresee and deal with unforeseen difficulties as they ariseA proper commitment of time and attention from the client, combined with a enthusiasm to see it through to the endFrank, accurate coverage of the status of the project and of potential complexities as they ariseA critical assessment of the risks inherent in the project, and potential harm associated with those risks, and the ability of the project team to manage those risksThe development of appropriate contingency plansAn objective evaluation of the capability and enthusiasm of the organization to stay on the project courseTurner Mller (2004, 2005) conducted studies on the impact of project manager and his/her involvement and leadership style on project success. Turner Mller (2005) believe that past literature on the subject of Project success factors, have ignored the impact of a project manager on project success. However, Turner and Muller (2005, p59) has rather given a contradictive conclusion that the leadership style and competence of the project manager have no impact on project success.In concern to project management, project success also relies on the capability to systematize, coordinate, and support a diverse group functioning towards a common target. Project success factors may differ depending on the type of project. Thus it is important to have a clear idea on what factors drives each type of project toward success. This would enable th e project stakeholders to accomplish what they perceive as success.ConclusionIn the past it was believed that if a projects completion time exceeds its due date, or expenses overran the budget, or its results did not satisfy a companys preset performance criteria, the project was considered to be a failure. At present it is understood that determining whether a project is a success or failure is far more complex.It is important for a project manager to be aware of what the stakeholders consider as a successful project. In order to turn away any surprises at the end of the project, it is important to identify the different perspectives of what success means before the project begins.It is generally agreed that schedule and budget performance may be considered as insufficient measures of project success however they are still important components of the overall constructs. Quality is interconnected with issues of achievement of functional objectives, specifications and issues of tech nical performance. It is also understood that a projects success varies with time and varies in the eye of various project stakeholders. Thus, a criteria used to assess project success should be time dependent and should be using multiple perspectives of stakeholders. However, future studies may reveal other successful means of success criteria.As for success factors, they can be generally grouped into four distinct sets. General management literature shows how effective leadership is a success factor in organizations, and has revealed that a proper leadership style can lead to better performance. However studies on leadership in project context are contradicting with this perception. A common factor pointed out by many authors is that senior management support is one of the most important factors that can drive projects toward success or failure. Success factors may vary depending on the project type. In conclusion, early classification of success criteria can ensure a definite vie w of how the project will be judged and early detection of success factors will assure a safe path to deliver success.

Experiment on Amount of Dissolved Oxygen in Water

Experiment on Amount of fade away Oxygen in peeResearchWater covers 70 percent of the flat coat and made up of 55% to 78% of the human body it is the most abundant compound on the planet. Its exists in liquid, solid, and gaseous states in spirit at room temperature, its a tasteless, odorless and colorless liquid (Water structure and behaviour, 2014). Water in chemical formula is H2O, two total heat atoms each(prenominal) share one electron with the group O atom to form two covalent bonds and make a piss molecule. The outer shell of oxygen is presently full with 8 electrons and remains stable thereby it wont further react with early(a) hydrogen or oxygen atoms (graph 1). One of the historic features of piddle molecule is that it forms and angle with hydrogen atoms at the tips and the oxygen atom at the vertex. The angle formed by oxygen and hydrogen atoms isnt a typical tetrahedral angle of 109 degrees, because the presence of two lone pairs on the oxygen molecule pushes the hydrogen molecules closer together away from the lone pairs. This results in a smaller bond angle of 104.5 degree (Graph 2). The reason that wet is primarily a liquid under standard condition is because that oxygen is more damaging than hydrogen hydrogen is attracted strongly by oxygen results in the side of the oxygen atom is partial negative charge, while the hydrogen completion is partly positive. This kind of molecule with a separation of electrical charges is called a dipole meaning two poles. The charge difference allows water molecules to be attracted to each other and difficult to be separated, forming one single body of liquid. Each water molecules bond to maximum of four other water molecules with two hydrogen atoms current and donates another two hydrogen atoms to others (Graph 3). This type of bond is set as hydrogen bond occurs when hydrogen atom bonds with oxygen, fluorine or nitrogen atom. henry bonding functions as two magnets stick together due to the opp osite pole attraction. It is stronger than normal dipole business leaders amidst molecules. The force is categorized as intermolecular force, a force act in the midst of neighboring particles (Hydrogen Bonding, 2013). The extensive hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for physical properties in water, including property of game melting point, boiling point since more energy is required to break hydrogen bonds between molecules. Water will be in gas, if the intermolecular force (force that holds water molecules together) is less than the thermal force that pushing the molecules apart while, the boiling point is determined as a point between behaving as a liquid and gas (Intramolecular Force, 2013). Another relevant property is that water has a very high specific heat capacity, due to the presence of extensive hydrogen bonding between water molecules a large measuring of energy (heat) is absorbed in breaking the bond (Specific Heat Capacity of Water, 2014).Wate r has a high solubility, due to its a polar molecule with both positive and negative charges. Dissolving occurs when water bonds and separates the anion and cation of a substance. Consider putting an ionic compound into water, the individual ions react with the opposite polarity regions of the water molecules with their ionic bonds broken. This serve up is called dissociation, where ions are formed with atoms breaking down from a molecule. The positively charged end of the water (H+) surrounds the negative ion of the ionic compound and the negatively charged end of the water (O2-) surrounds the positive ion of the ionic compound, this is called as a sphere of hydration, which separates the particles. This is the reason why water preemptnot dissolve non-polar molecule, because the polarity has no effect on a non-polar molecule (solubility, 2000).AbstractIn this experiment, jet thiosulfate was utilize to titrate water ingest collected in wetland at school in order to simulate an d determine the amount of oxygen dissolved in a normal river. The rule used is called as Winkler Method, which involves iodometric titration the amount of oxygen in the sample is determined indirectly via iodine. The method is considered to be the most reliable and precise method for DO analysis. DO presents in the river is relevant to the industry, river aquaculture, for the sake of keeping the oxygen level in a suitable range for aquatic animals to survive. There are a number of variables that affect DO presents in the river, temperature is the most crucial factor that should be taken into account. Since rivers temperature varies throughout the year with the change in the weathers or seasons. The temperature difference between summer and winter can be up to 10 degrees Celsius. Hence the experiment will focus on the effect of unalike temperatures on the amount of DO in the water sample. Theoretically, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water is inversely proportional to the w ater temperature (table1). Its all the way shown in the graph that as the temperature bestrides, the solubility of oxygen in the water decreases (graph 4). Its recommended that DO analysis experiment should be done within the alike day. DO level in the water source, where sample water is collected, may alter dramatically at different time. It then consequently becomes a factor that affects the final result.IntroductionDissolved oxygen in water is defines as the amount of oxygen molecules that physically distributed in water. Notice that oxygen does not chemically react with water, since oxygen is a non-polar gas the intermolecular force of hydrogen bond in water molecule itself is stronger than the induced dipole attraction between the polar bond in water and the nonpolar bond gas, oxygen. Water molecules will rather remain hydrogen bonded to each other, then to allow a non-polar molecule (oxygen) to come between them (Aquaculture, 2000).There are three ways that oxygen gets in t he water. First of all, its the difference of the concentration of oxygen in the air and the concentration of oxygen in the water causes diffusion to occur. Oxygen flows from high concentration (air) to low concentration (water). Secondly, its the partial pressure and emerge area that causes oxygen to shift through the water. For instance, in a river that flows rapidly, water turbulence increases the surface area of water for oxygen to diffuse across. Churning in like manner allows air to hit water at a high pressure, allowing more oxygen to diffuse into the water. At last the presence of water plants produce oxygen in the water by doing the process of photosynthesis (How does oxygen get into the water?, 1999).Nowadays, commercial aquaculture is growing worldwide except in Africa. Fish and other aquatic organisms are a source of protein for human to intake. However, continues to harvest wild sources of seek will result in over seeking or even the loss of those aquatic species ent irely. Aquaculture not only meets the human demand, but also allows wild species to breed and maintain the number of the wild aquatic species. There are a couple of aspects to weigh at in the aquaculture industry. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water is relevant to maintain the water quality for fish and aquatic species to grow. Oxygen is grave in respiration and metabolism processes in any animal. Particularly for fish, the metabolic rate is highly related to the oxygen concentration in water. For cold-water fish, the minimum DO requirement is 6mg per litre for both tropical freshwater fish and tropical marine fish, its 5mg per litre. Once the level of DO is lower than the minimum requirement, fish may be affected by tissue hypoxia, their swimming activities will decrease and their immunity to diseases will also reduce (Aquaculture, 2000).Its obvious that fish and aquatic species rely on the DO level in the water to survive. Fish farmers should realize all the factors that affect the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water temperature is one of the main factors. The solubility of any gases is dependent on the temperature. At a high temperature, the solubility of a gas in the water is low, while at a lower temperature the gas solubility in the water is relatively higher (graph5) (The Effects of Temperature on the Solubility of Gases in the ecumenical Solvent (Water), 2009). As the temperature rises, the kinetic energy of the gas particles physically distributed in the water increases. This results in a more intensive gas particles motion, which allows intermolecular bonds between water molecules and gas molecules to be broken causing gas to escape into the atmosphere (Temperature and Pressure Effects on Solubility , 2003).The experiment consists of three parts, potassium iodate standardization, reagent blank determination and sample analysis. Begin with the KIO3 standardization, the exact concentration of potassium iodate is unknown, hence its titrat ed by sulfuric acid upshot to determine its actual concentration. Reagent blank determination is done in order to minimize the error in the experiment. During the experiment, due to environment factors and contaminations, the result may be affected. Water is often used as a blank reagent and its responsible for determining the side effects on the final result. When doing the blank determination, water undergoes the same process as the sample. The value acquired is the blank value it is then subtracted from the samples result. Once the processes of standardization and blank determination have been done, water sample can now be analyzed.The chemical reactions are as follows 1) Manganese chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide to give a white perciptate of manganous hydroxide. MnCl2 + 2NaOH Mn(OH)2 + 2NaCl 2) The presence of oxygen in the water sample reacts with manganous hydroxide, manganic basic oxide is then formed.2Mn(OH)2 + O2 2 MnO(OH)2 3) Manganic basic oxide is dissolved by s ulfuric acid, and immediately reacts with sodium iodide to yield iodine. 2MnO(OH)2 + 4 H2SO4 2Mn(SO4)2 + 6H2O2Mn(SO4)2 + 4 NaI 2Mn SO4 + 2Na2SO4 + 2I24) Sodium thiosulfate is used to titrate iodine with the indicator, starch, to the end point. 4Na2S2O3 + 2I2 -2Na2S4O6 + 4NaIThe titer determines the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water sample with one mole of O2 reacts with 4 moles of sodium thiosulfate. The amount of oxygen concentration can be calculated from the above analysis with the following formulaDissolved oxygen = (mL/L)Notice that the unit is one ml of oxygen per litre of water, which can also be transferred into mg per litre.HypothesisIts predicted that the lower temperature will result in a higher solubility of oxygen in water. Under the condition of high temperature, oxygen gas forms weak molecular bonds with the water molecules. As a result, oxygen molecules will rise towards the surface and escape to the atmosphere, consequently reducing the amount of oxygen ga s dissolved in the water. The solubility of oxygen is compared between cold river water and heated up river water within this experiment, whilst other variables are kept constant including the size of the beaker, the location where river water is retrieved from and the solution used for titration.MaterialsBOD bottleDeionised water hackneyed Potassium IodateSulfuric acid solutionSodium iodide-sodium hydroxide reagentManganese chloride reagentMethodKIO3 Standardization (Titration)Label a BOD bottle with KIO3 Standard15ml of deionised water added into the BOD bottle10ml of standard potassium iodate with concentration of 0.00167M added into the BOD bottle with a pipetteSwirl to mix1 ml of 50% sulfuric acid solution added into the BOD bottle1ml of sodium iodide-sodium hydroxide reagent added into the BOD bottle and swirl1ml of manganese chloride reagent added into the BOD bottle and mix thoroughly action the BOD bottle with deionised water to the neck, and mix the solution by inverting the bottle a few times (BOD bottle now contains KIO3 standard solution, its identified as KIO3 standard bottle)Discard 50mL of KIO3 standard solution by using a 50mL volumetric pipetteAdd 50mL of KIO3 standard solution into a somewhat 100ml conical flaskful by using a 50mL volumetric pipetteSet up the burette and fill it with sodium thiosulfate working solution egress a white tile under the burette with the conical flask that contains KIO3 standard solution on topStart titrating sodium thiosulfate into the conical flask until the solution turns a pale yellow colour, stop titratingThree drops of starch solution added to the flask, then continues to titrate until the solution turns colourlessVolume of sodium thiosulfate added recordRepeat the process until three readings within 0.05mL of each other acquiredReagent Blank determination TitrationAdd 15mL of deionised water into a 250mL conical flask1mL of KIO3 standard solution added to the conical flask1mL of 50% sulphuric acid added to the flask1mL of sodium iodide-sodium hydroxide added to the flask1mL of manganese chloride reagent added to the flaskAppendixTable1 (The Winkler Method Measuring Dissolved Oxygen, 2013)Graph 1 (Waters Influence on Temperature, 2013)Graph 2 (WATER DESIGNED FOR LIFE, 2013)Graph 3 (Hydrogen bond, 2014)Graph4 (Lecture Water Chemistry Dissolved Gases Oxygen)Graph5 (Why oxygen dissolved in water is important , 1998)

Gene Therapy for Alzheimers Disease

Gene Therapy for Alzheimers infirmityImagine that in fifty years, people no longer fear forgetting how to make a sandwich, driving to the inclose without getting lost, or no longer recognizing loved ones thats a future people can look forward to when Alzheimers infirmity has been eradicated by gene therapy. Alzheimers is a type of dementedness that affects people worldwide as well as those who love them. Gene therapy, the transplantation of normal genes into cells to replace defective ones, is a declare make outment for correcting the underlying causes of the disease instead of just controlling its horrendous symptoms.Alzheimers is a disease for which there is currently no cure. Symptoms of the disease include problems think newly learned information, confusion, memory loss, behavioral changes and much more (Alzheimers). Currently available treatments only help to delay the progression of symptoms and improve the quality of life-time for those it affects. It is imperative that progress be made in treating the disease considering that Alzheimers is the most common form of dementia, accounting for amidst sixty to eighty percent of dementia cases, affecting over forty million people worldwide, and being the sixth main cause of death in the United States (Brazier, 2016). However, in order to be effective in combating this degenerative brain disease, researchers must first understand the underlying causes.Researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine as well as in the United Kingdom have rear a protein fragment that they believe is a factor in causing Alzheimers the beta-amyloid protein, AB. AB by itself is not pernicious to the health of the human brain however, when the concentration of AB in the brain increases, the protein begins destroying synapses before clumping into plaques that ultimately lead to nerve cell death (Goldman, 2013). Scientists at Stanford found that as long as AP is in its soluble form it can travel freely in the brain wi thout negative consequences. However, in its insoluble, clustered form, called plaques, AB can bind to receptors on nerve cells, starting a process that erodes the synaptic connections between cells (Goldman, 2013). AB is generated by the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein, APP, by the enzyme B-secretase. It was found, in research conducted by S. Herbert, et. al., that the expression of the enzyme B-secretase is Alzheimers patients than in people without Alzheimers. B-secretase is the rate determining step in the production of AB, therefore a reduction in the expression of B-secretase is expected to reduce AB concentration in the brain and maintain a harmless, soluble level, and thus destructive plaques will not be created.Researchers began to develop a new gene therapy that could prevent the accumulation of AB in the brain. The discovery that the PPARy-coactivator-1a, PGC-1a, gene, whose expression is reduced in Alzheimers patients, regulates the transcription of B-secretase (Katsouri, 2016), allowed researchers to start works on a gene therapy to increase PGC-1a expression, thereby reducing B-secretase in the brain. Using mice as models of Alzheimers, researchers experimented with creating a lentiviral vector to express PGC-1a and replace damaged genes with intelligent ones in patients brain cells. The mice, called APP23 mice, were bred to develop AB plaques in their brains that increase in size as they age, similar to the way AB plaques in Alzheimers patients behave (Katsouri, 2016). The similarities between the brains of these mice and those of Alzheimers patients allowed the researchers to experiment with the lentiviral vector they developed and observed the effect the ehalthy gene had on the brains of the mice. It was found that, four months after the injection of the PGC-1a carrying lentiviral vector, the mice showed remarkable improvement in spatial and recognition memory as well as significant reduction in AB deposition and B-secretase express ion (Katsouri, 2016). The researchers also found that the treatment had neuroprotective personal effects and helped to preserve neurons and synapses that, without treatment, were being destroyed. Based on the results they observed, L. Katsouri, et. al., were able to conclude that selective induction of PGC-1a in specific areas of the brain is effective in targeting Alzheimers-related neurodegeneration and holds great capableness as a therapeutic threatment for this disease.Unlocking the genetic code has been one of the greatest scientific advancements of this age. Treatments such as gene therapy can be used to treat many of the maladies we face and the importance of research in this field cannot be overstated. Utilizing gene therapy, Alzheimers may no longer cause trepidation as we age.Citations/ReferencesAlzheimers Association. (n.d.). Alzheimers Disease Dementia. Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http//www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers.asBrazier, Y. (2016, October 1 1). Gene therapy could prevent Alzheimers, study suggests. Retrieved March 1, 2017, from http//www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/313412.phpHerbert, S. S., Horre, K., Nicolai, L., Papadopoulou, A. S., Mandemakers, W., Silahtaroglu, A. N., . . . Strooper, B. D. (2008). Loss of microRNA cluster miR-29a/b-1 in sporadic Alzheimers disease correlates with increased BACE1/ -secretase expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(17), 6415-6420. inside 10.1073/pnas.0710263105Goldman, B. (2013, September 19). Scientists reveal how beta-amyloid may cause Alzheimers. Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http//med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2013/09/scientists-reveal-how-beta-amyloid-may-cause-alzheimers.htmlKatsouri, L., Lim, Y. M., Blondrath, K., Eleftheriadou, I., Lombardero, L., Birch, A.M., . . . Sastre, M. (2016). PPARy-coactivator-1a gene transfer reduces neuronal loss and amyloid-B generation by reducing B-secretase in an Alzheimers disease model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(43), 12292-12297. doi 10.1073/pnas.1606171113

Private Versus Public Education Essay examples -- Personal Narrative S

Private Versus Public Education Many struggling parents wish they could diffuse their children to private schools essentially from kindergarten through the twelfth grade. And so my question is What is the real worthy of a private education? According to a statement from the U.S. incision of Education posted by College Smart, private school students generally perform grittyer than their public school counterparts on standardized achievement tests. As a product of public elementary and high school education, I am currently beholding some of the struggles that public school students face after high school graduation when they enter college. I realize now that, behind the high tuition costs, private schools provide caring, challenges, and nurturing in an environment that is lacking in public schools. Families with resources inevitably send their children to private school. Its what people in that social world do. Nevertheless, their reasons are not only because they can affo rd it, further also because the real worth of private education can be found in how those students more readily develop an awareness of academic worthiness and high achievement. I have experienced all of the factors that constitute a free education. During my senior year at William L. Dickinson High School in jersey City, New Jersey, I remember going to school for a half day, then going to work from 1230 to 5 p.m. I would approach home at six in the evening, Monday through Friday, and not have to do any homework I loved the idea of having free time. Although I do not regret the corporate work experience, I see the consequences that leisure time brought into my life. Now that I am a college student, I am expected to be responsible for various assignments ... ...ter in life.The fact that I am a public school student does not blind me from seeing the reality of the bad habits that I developed through twelve years of two-hours maximum, and frequently no time, spent doing daily homework. I was not fortunate to mention a private school prior to Saint Peters College, and I am now suffering the consequences. Unlike public, private schools help embolden good study habits that further a persons chances of succeeding in college. According to College Smart, private school students are twice as in all probability as public school students to complete a bachelors or higher degree by their mid twenties (52 versus 26 percent). Therefore, the worth of attending a private school involves an education for the whole person within a values-based setting that begins with positive, committed habits that will carry over into the detain of ones life.

Sub-Prime Mortgages and the Death of the American Dream Essay example

Sub-Prime Mortgage The Snowball EffectIntermediate MacroeconomicsSub-prime mortgages were a lucrative youthful market idea, pushed by the government, executed by the change institutions, in set out to provide everyone the American Dream. During the expanding economy, this dream became a realityuntested and uncheckedas low interest stations fueled the desire of investors to make dreams generate true Ultimately, the vicissitudes of the economy turned downward and the snowball effect began speckle monetary sectors and investors scrambled to catch the falling knife. While history is being indite this very day and hindsight is 20/20, we can reflect on the ideologies and policies that brought forth the castigate economic downturn since the Great Depression.At the birth of the sub-prime mortgage market, investors and lending institutions had found a way for more families to live the American Dream while they were able to profit. The economy was booming, the unemployment rate w as low, and the demand for housing was lofty collect to low interest rates. The idea was that lenders were willing to accept more risk by financing homes with less equity to those that were not creditworthy. The incentive to the lender was a higher interest rate to the consumer, while expecting a higher foreclosure rate. Due to the high demand for housing, assets were also appreciating decreasing the implied risk. Add in the origination fees, suddenly the entire proposition became very profitable. In theory, the market assumed an annual foreclosure rate of 8% with the average exhalation due to foreclosure being 30%. everywhere a $1.2 trillion market pool, the predicted foreclosures would only cost a mere 2.4% implied loss from gross revenues. If the subprime homeowners a... ...e leaders and thorough oversight, our economy should cringe back with another painful lesson learned.ReferencesPetroff, Eric. Who is to Blame for the Subprime Crisis? 2007. Investopedia. Octob er 5, 2008. http//investopedia.com/printable.asp?a=/articles/07/subprime-blame.aspAmerman, Daniel. The Subprime Crisis is Just Starting. March 20, 2008. monetary Sense University. October 5, 2008. http//www.financialsense.com/fsu/editorials/amerman/2008/0320.htmlBajaj, Vikas and Story, Louise. Mortgage Crisis Spreads Past Subprime Loans. February 12, 2008. The New York Times. October 5, 2008. http//www.nytimes.com/2008/02/12/business/12credit.html?_r=1&pagewanted=printBarnes, Ryan. The Fuel that Fed the Subprime Meltdown. 2007. Investopedia. October 5, 2008. http//investopedia.com/printable.asp?a=/articles/07/subprime-overview.asp Sub-Prime Mortgages and the Death of the American Dream assay exampleSub-Prime Mortgage The Snowball EffectIntermediate MacroeconomicsSub-prime mortgages were a lucrative new market idea, pushed by the government, executed by the lending institutions, in order to provide everyone the American Dream. During the expanding ec onomy, this dream became a realityuntested and uncheckedas low interest rates fueled the desire of investors to make dreams come true Ultimately, the vicissitudes of the economy turned downward and the snowball effect began while financial sectors and investors scrambled to catch the falling knife. While history is being written this very day and hindsight is 20/20, we can reflect on the ideologies and policies that brought forth the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression.At the birth of the sub-prime mortgage market, investors and lending institutions had found a way for more families to live the American Dream while they were able to profit. The economy was booming, the unemployment rate was low, and the demand for housing was high due to low interest rates. The idea was that lenders were willing to accept more risk by financing homes with less equity to those that were not creditworthy. The incentive to the lender was a higher interest rate to the consumer, while expecting a higher foreclosure rate. Due to the high demand for housing, assets were also appreciating decreasing the implied risk. Add in the origination fees, suddenly the entire proposition became very profitable. In theory, the market assumed an annual foreclosure rate of 8% with the average loss due to foreclosure being 30%. Over a $1.2 trillion market pool, the predicted foreclosures would only cost a mere 2.4% implied loss from gross revenues. If the subprime homeowners a... ...e leaders and thorough oversight, our economy should bounce back with another painful lesson learned.ReferencesPetroff, Eric. Who is to Blame for the Subprime Crisis? 2007. Investopedia. October 5, 2008. http//investopedia.com/printable.asp?a=/articles/07/subprime-blame.aspAmerman, Daniel. The Subprime Crisis is Just Starting. March 20, 2008. Financial Sense University. October 5, 2008. http//www.financialsense.com/fsu/editorials/amerman/2008/0320.htmlBajaj, Vikas and Story, Louise. Mort gage Crisis Spreads Past Subprime Loans. February 12, 2008. The New York Times. October 5, 2008. http//www.nytimes.com/2008/02/12/business/12credit.html?_r=1&pagewanted=printBarnes, Ryan. The Fuel that Fed the Subprime Meltdown. 2007. Investopedia. October 5, 2008. http//investopedia.com/printable.asp?a=/articles/07/subprime-overview.asp